Science is an organized systematic enterprise that builds and Organizes scientific information in the form of precise testable predictions about the natural world. It intends to lay the foundation for further work in the particular field of science concerned. A branch of science is physics, whose main areas of research are mechanics, optics and energy. Astrophysics deals with the phenomena of the universe and the nature of space. Other branches of science include biology, engineering, zoology and chemistry.
The major preoccupation of most scientists is to discover the laws of nature, or to demonstrate the existence and properties of things that exist independently of man. They use various methods to achieve their ends. One of the foremost methods used by scientists is the scientific method, which involves the use of telescopes, satellites, and other tools to obtain valuable data. They also make extensive use of mathematical formulas and various scientific databases to carry out their investigations.
The major premise on which the scientific method of science operates is that of the Independence of experimental results from prior expectations. This means that the results of an experiment cannot be substituted for other means by which they might have been obtained, such as the prior determination of results by other scientists. Accordingly, the results of any experiment cannot be successfully claimed to be due to a law of nature. There are, however, a number of guiding principles on which the scientific method operates.
One principle of science is observation. Naturalists and anthropologists who have made observations to answer questions about the natural world by making observations. These observations to answer questions about how things appear to be, about the composition of the natural world, about the relationships among things, about the climate, about genetics, about the functioning of ecosystems, about the effects of man’s activities on the environment, about space weather, about white blood cells and bacteria, about DNA and RNA, about solar flares and comets, about near Earth objects (explanations), about black holes and wormholes, and about the origins of life.
Another principle of science is replication. If observations and calculations concerning the properties of an object or phenomena can be replicated by other scientists then there is scientific evidence that the original observations and/or calculations were correct. By contrast, if the original observations or calculations are wrong then there is scientific controversy. The controversy occurs because scientists do not feel comfortable drawing general conclusions from their data without more research.
A third principle of science is falsification. If there are naturalistic mechanisms by which an object forms or breaks down then scientists make observations and try to find a hypothesis for the process that generates that naturalistic mechanism. They then try to falsify the hypothesis, if it is reasonable or possible, in order to save what they consider to be the integrity of science. falsification is considered to be a form of scientific attack on an idea, a research study, or the methods of investigation used in gathering the data needed for a particular study. It is considered here to be unethical.